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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： ( Y8 |4 Y* x& G$ s# f; l# A* xmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第! q- E7 i1 B5 d4 \mso-font-kerning:0pt">18 z0 A1 K: P+ f& v: mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;9 }+ B% ^9 q9 N. d* S7 g N+ @* z! F
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. M) X O, y4 V; \6 Z9 K: c6 ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：6 G9 X# S) ]# `6 Z& g. z, t
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7 ], Q' p7 w; i+ n- v& r2 A: G. R imso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。" K+ h1 D- F# E9 w5 E! scolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。" f: ^0 I- G4 p" D6 P. y. D
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。( r H/ L" m9 T, v) E) ~- S% |mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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5 Y8 F& i: ~7 m J; J7 _0 mTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。& _ ^ ^4 X% v: e# N5 X& F6 dmso-font-kerning:0pt"> " c: a; E1 N8 X7 O! g
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0 I u: w$ A! b7 W, |Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服* F- ]6 S- d, ] v5 |
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- d2 s1 F9 J. t2 p* N; R4 t" mTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢; ?- r" d7 o$ O" G" X+ Q5 J/ j dmso-font-kerning:0pt"> & H5 b9 C6 h5 I s* a% q/ _
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服# N# O6 l. i9 D; Y. S4 l# O: @
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8 X0 }$ ?2 l& Ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，这就是孔子说的6 _0 c, a. ?# j- C+ F, nmso-font-kerning:0pt">"+ u7 M! H4 b8 g, V
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。 f+ W% P3 j0 ~3 g( @/ Z: l! Y fmso-font-kerning:0pt">" ; D5 @7 S% W6 P0 D* H
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白$ z& T- Q4 \. r! R x+ Zmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 9 z" J9 J( {9 R5 Q3 W+ B8 c9 M
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3 z6 X* K8 H5 ]' UTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学2 t, K/ P J7 ^& z5 {
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说/ I8 t8 @$ c" N* Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">") v; n6 R( E1 ~ G. r) a O
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6 `. q: v0 ~4 @5 w, |" @% @Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚% T& U6 k. i7 T2 Q7 Rmso-font-kerning:0pt"> - E3 ~% `0 j( O# m4 P# @
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7 y7 H* `& R" sTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：4 G) R& @! A( N5 t/ T0pt"> 9 n, s: D! P4 X/ S' q2 t( l7 O: U
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- C* d$ Z, R* T1 f) r6 s3 u% a7 ETahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！) V# X) L% p! D
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" V6 u0 `, ^+ e$ z2 d" P1 {, p$ F7 {+ f M, YTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Leslie8 w- C- Y2 c. g
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假9 U) [8 t/ n; c( p: z
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2 L* J% a+ P, l8 E3 KTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：9 g' {- k, C+ T' o. ~4 b; d4 W
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. @) \: X ~2 R! D3 O& ~) FTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是! G: U3 r! Q4 w9 L/ |( b1 Emso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 A3 k5 i' i, q# pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;1 e) P3 }9 W, k# G
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题+ W. E2 _3 w1 M
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7 i- U' U* E( L3 Q' T) u3 B! Omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。8 O# H! H* z0 l# I% K9 C
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# B" v% g; f& O" Y% k# M) Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴8 N) L2 v6 k7 `/ {mso-font-kerning:0pt">”+ O9 p. O2 |) k5 n# m
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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