今日下午,《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课,我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块,也期待大家积极参与。这里,老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下:
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好,星期一下午有事未到,让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午,我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第- e" u* _# C. B" y: h3 S: r: S4 z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百,一言以蔽之,曰:思无邪。. k/ I& v- X: a) E
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百:《诗经》实有三百零五篇,三百只是举其整数。2 @6 X4 T- v/ O" c+ |; {) Amso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 ]; c6 Z) F' o' c* u8 u
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">:概括。思无邪:《诗经. D1 _: e/ U; Q9 B- ?
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词,孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪:纯正,没有邪念。- W$ x' t. b4 [. z4 a) }
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* S; _, s4 p$ u4 N/ L0 Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇,用一句话来概括它,就是' F9 d: K- }; f' L6 h$ L @8 }
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4 a- f6 d$ Y! Z& b) z6 p9 MTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问:孔子为什么极为重视诗教?" V; l- J& h1 U# s* M0pt"> 0 x. Y) U! i. _+ H- B
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答:本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过,吾道一以贯之,指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神,读书学习,重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之,就是一以贯之的意思,4 f' T( U1 S0 u) j$ m! |) t. p
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">就是贯穿于诗经三百篇中的核心精神。3 Q4 |; X- H# L! a, v' ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐* ^% D. E$ j6 }, u/ ^$ m6 H
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* s% e! ]: F1 Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》),兴于诗,强调诗的教育之重要,所兴的是人的情感。立于礼,礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐,乐教的目的是使这种8 |7 ^! i+ S- _% |% N y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的. B/ F( c5 `& Z. i; Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">“; Q( X8 E7 [# M/ C/ w; Qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
2 w9 Q' c6 v7 P1 g* m' lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐& V+ q" L! E+ h f- D2 emso-font-kerning:0pt">”8 o4 F% Z+ M6 N; _+ o" E0 pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
" Q2 _; e# B# _' O2 rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">,包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等,诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁,孔子认为,就教化的功能而言,9 n3 v9 |& T7 ]( d ]! Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">“! v) ?& h# y4 e
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。0 ~. E+ R6 ?- n% i3 m, B
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) Q+ d# k/ X* U" Z) w& n4 X% R) Z; QTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集,经孔子删订,收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌- w" W' O& G- o" a9 T
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/ P1 ^: h$ ^9 w# r1 ~3 l6 Fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视: P9 |# @; _& nmso-font-kerning:0pt">“$ W6 u$ F* J [' W( T) U: Y: \
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/ W* `5 s( \7 }" g7 j7 Nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗) O; r' S' o% R# J# `mso-font-kerning:0pt">”) |) L0 r! s& k8 p9 i0 Pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
) [7 L: S9 U: z& c! a9 dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用,他说:& h- @3 S1 d; U/ J mmso-font-kerning:0pt">“; p" U# R6 I6 `) D4 N1 Z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗,无以言。) m$ i9 B% X% N2 O* G) b$ i) {mso-font-kerning:0pt">”0 L/ K) N; Z. n0 b
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+ B: h& a! B3 _' Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">(《论语7 K- {2 n# P8 ^( h' G, F
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7 y" Q0 C1 ~3 Q* @+ B lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》)) S# O5 C R3 z3 H' ?2 l
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. Y# C, a/ \( b0 l4 D% Nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗,可以兴,可以观,可以群,可以怨。迩之事父,远之事君;多识于鸟兽草木之名。$ N3 |: @) u3 `0 V) a3 Z; T) ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">”+ ?1 t. F' @ ~- I ^9 |font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
' p( O( ]( r$ _: q5 y1 e# nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">(《论语9 M! Y9 x1 N; ?4 h0 Smso-font-kerning:0pt">•, w& K2 T2 I a v: n: {font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;! f6 y6 K4 A! m$ h- E
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》)由此可见,孔子重视《诗经》的教育,一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识,二是通过 O/ q. t: L) @) C, _
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨5 v7 j% ~' V+ u* U
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操,并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育,使人) Y1 I6 v6 s' A, Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">“2 U* ]& O: u& o+ R4 K# Kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;* [9 T/ ?5 @/ @; c) p
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">,遐思而纯正,宁静而致远。/ f! r# h" Z2 e, o% G7 K7 A; ^1 Z' Omso-font-kerning:0pt"> 1 T- l% k9 r. d. J2 t
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* _8 z! U/ `) x+ ~( D% D' zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解:诗歌三百篇,用一句话来掩盖,就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女,女想男,教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊,就说,人家的思想是很纯洁的。8 a2 @- @* X a; O) ?% T9 s
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; C2 ]( W& q/ GTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇,用一句话来掩盖,就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女,女想男,教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊,就说,人家的思想是很纯洁的。: f$ R# y: R, F; p3 |; a0 ^
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3 W/ S! Y+ D$ Q D- p. z/ R3 T! y2 ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑,没关系的。/ V; X% @$ v: Y. |. z) @1 ymso-font-kerning:0pt">
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' ^9 t. N* k( Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗,可以兴,可以观、可以群,可以怨。" W4 @0 h; r3 p m4 \
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% V4 j8 Z; w4 O! Ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓1 X2 o" t- z( I: E4 m) x
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9 f+ H/ N* R" A* P6 Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">,就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致,培养想象力;所谓' c: k$ y8 n* z( r1 Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ j4 l5 l3 U. w0 e Rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;; f* ~. Y [# e% Y @( f. ], D
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">,就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情,提高在群体中生活的能力;所谓. j' G$ r' I, b% p
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8 w H1 g1 r& Y) Z. {7 Z1 `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">,就是说学诗还可以锻炼# Y" O! }3 q/ J# O1 B
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1 j9 O4 z5 V1 E1 ]( W# nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》)的胸襟和品格,抒发心中之怨,而又能- ?& j+ ?) d4 A5 W A5 b/ s8 dmso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ ~$ T' u Y, l% d) M. Zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;/ K; k8 c8 ^7 U5 w- @& \
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》),恰到好处,合乎中道。总之,学诗可以使人9 Q a, u/ D( M( P% H# kmso-font-kerning:0pt">“, V/ H! B! | X/ J/ N- ~/ mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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6 W# p; C( @# NTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊:群呢,就是说物以类聚,大家有共同的审美和爱好,对诗经有雷同的见解,于是呢,就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢,就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物,会生出点点怨气,怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活,从而激发斗志。2 N4 D% X3 q5 V2 J. C* pmso-font-kerning:0pt"> * z2 a% n5 b# e; S3 H& K# h- jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;7 n: y) ]: l9 r3 d
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& c9 A7 o/ ]1 Y& UTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是啊,大家看看习总的语言风格,文学素养深厚,值得学习。
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