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; [; a+ ~3 r9 _4 a+ _' U" L* p+ G w/ O/ DTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞,老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐,虽然是洋人的节日:)下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网6 A& v, X( G9 Z, h: K5 g
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" `3 x. v2 k; v3 c$ y% ]$ W# {mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”,原本这节课是安排在周三下午的,但贾老师届时另有要事,所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告,提前到今日下午开课。有此良师,夫复何求?闲话少叙,立即把上课实录整理奉上。% T% \( c! s! f' M4 Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午,我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第& j1 W4 a2 [, _$ kmso-font-kerning:0pt">58 i3 x/ d: M+ u1 e# Ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;: n5 W" p* m. f3 R
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝,子曰:; X3 ]7 b- R- ?$ ?& c0 E4 A, P8 H F
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。2 m" Z3 s% o4 A$ Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">”! Q8 E( J: _ m( Amso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
' J7 [, X3 [. K z: P1 r& mmso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御,子告之曰:0 X' P9 f1 X- Smso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ d6 O; s% `3 L0 Omso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
" ^" I8 _) m$ `+ @& P% o1 V% _mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我,我对曰无违。. C/ e- R. `5 ?& {; O
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰:4 I" k* S6 N/ z. [2 G5 x* X' b
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* h' M: p8 x3 |5 x& e D ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也?8 |0 |9 |6 ~5 s1 {! U8 T8 c8 Z4 cmso-font-kerning:0pt">”% j$ F4 V9 E* e5 T* t2 v" L# cmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;! G5 K% j W+ z
mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰:5 R) A% ^3 ?5 o0 j; Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">“4 y5 f/ J( Y/ b0 j+ ~mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;* g7 A. U, `, _& C6 S
mso-font-kerning:0pt">生,事之以礼;死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。$ ^) t1 o* ?, L5 ]8 G# F
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, O4 Q7 o$ E L7 C; v0 q& tmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子:鲁国大夫,三家之一,姓仲孙,名何忌,懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违:不要违背礼。樊迟:孔子的学生,名须,字子迟,比孔子小四十六岁。御:驾驶马车。孟孙:指孟懿子。8 J6 T# @# A6 f) a# H& c) m! K
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝,孔子说:9 K- d. _0 {( f7 `( M10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 f @% g3 S w! Q* N
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) I4 R, X7 g5 P) `; u- H9 \4 {4 Q! kmso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。; ^9 ~( Q7 v/ L9 m8 x5 |10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”& E3 o8 _$ b v' Zmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;4 \4 E: h* b6 I$ g! d3 B
mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天,樊迟给孔子驾车,孔子告诉他说:$ ~1 ^! c7 l' h8 x6 K
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# U9 N- p2 Z5 b) V7 a; g$ K a# P) p5 kTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝,我回答他说不要违背礼。. s5 U u- }% r3 l/ G3 S" ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">"9 j i. U& N3 u' q8 ?5 o+ S& Hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
: n! }9 R* b3 ]. p" ^+ {5 H. }% xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说:+ m, v( k' ~, t7 l1 v2 `
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0 ~+ D; n3 c0 L, L1 A- j6 Amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢" Y* K& z+ U1 Z" [4 |! imso-font-kerning:0pt">?" - p: j: v/ R0 r& H9 sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
- _2 j" b7 n2 E* f1 ?- pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说:1 K/ t. A2 o" I9 p
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+ R5 z0 c. h b9 V: @2 h3 wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候,要按礼侍奉他们;父母死了,要按礼来埋葬他们,祭祀他们。8 T6 T. ?$ ~7 _: x m5 t
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问:怎样理解孝就是: \3 y$ ` b3 l% L$ g9 y8 e10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ N8 ^9 k1 B+ [$ r6 Y6 S6 K
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$ E# Y2 a* }3 I( i! i/ Lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违' S( X6 a) Y! s$ i) @5 a* T
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& p6 F U# a) M, ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">答:孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教,所以孔子针对他讲得& n+ Q( X3 _: @2 X" Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 D1 p* C& j% S3 z% f! X6 Ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
n8 Q; D2 z: P; ~! D* umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违 p) `& O) X( S) U r; c; R
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">,就是不要违背父亲的教诲,这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言,孔子讲, K9 N( M6 o" R, N3 V# Q: n; ~
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( }1 ~6 p4 |3 ^" ?# _4 Y( fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">,强调要以礼事亲,不可违背于礼,3 q+ m( U+ I: g5 r
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) L& c- F- V5 t3 Z0 r `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生,事之以礼。死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。8 M. U- ?3 U3 R4 fmso-font-kerning:0pt">”4 f( b# V( {5 u; |( c" F1 e
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! L9 x" l; i: j, x/ {mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世,如有不合乎礼的言行,子女是不应当顺从的,而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏,这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神,还应当体现在父母去世以后,要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们,这才算子女尽孝有始有终。4 i0 C2 W1 e1 ~$ w5 bmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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/ Q4 h( i- `# Z. j5 `# {; B, h1 {mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问:为什么说以礼事亲才是孝?* C; C+ z* m' N
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答:本章谈孝的重点是,孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系,一方面强调仁是礼的核心,礼应当体现仁的精神;另一方面又强调,礼的规定体现了仁的要求,依礼而行就是仁。据此,是否做到了孝,要以是否依礼而行来衡量。8 R3 H% m3 F5 ^! \& I6 b5 xmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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1 L. t8 T$ O1 T& b \' X& HTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬,心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇!反过来说,虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬,但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬,也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要,如若无礼那必然是不孝!对父母尽孝道,是义. z! s% B# {' ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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& r) b L2 E7 x3 O1 gTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬,心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇!" H1 E+ Q W) {6 omso-font-kerning:0pt">——" c+ r! O8 v5 q' x, ~9 Y( ?
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质,是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心,才会有孝行。. z" j6 P8 Y# z# @
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老,昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述, V m1 \1 ?# Z" h/ Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">2: x( F0 L' k$ Zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
. U( k0 _+ ~. [3 cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道,是义。如何尽孝,是礼。如何行礼,就是生而不违,去世行丧礼,祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝,绝对不能行功利主义,现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候,和颜悦色,等到父母年迈无力,不能给自己帮上什么了,就放弃赡养父母,这是一种巧言令色,有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的,先说不违,能够做到遵循父母的教导,按照父母意愿行事之人有几?晚生做不到,起码现在说,不孝有三无后为大,父母成天逼婚,依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊: v: ^( E' Q% G& l" Z2 B; a
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝,如今还在于与父母交心、沟通,体谅父母的难处,分担父母的责任。现在社会中,生前不依礼事亲,死后大操大办的现象很普遍,成为了陋习,也造成了很大的负担。0 g- Y6 C$ |& x+ b. o3 Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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孝经
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝,如今还在于与父母交心、沟通,体谅父母的难处,分担父母的责任。" R( U# ~; X& H
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对,这是从情感上关心父母,是尽孝的重要内容。生,事之以礼。死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。' f U( i: V0 }0 O- P3 c9 e
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: \7 l) Q. |: smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道,是义。如何尽孝,是礼。如何行礼,就是生而不违,去世行丧礼,祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说:% Z! [0 F7 ?6 G1 s* l& s. d
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者,敬而已矣。故敬其父,则子悦;敬其兄,则弟悦;敬其君,则臣悦;敬一人,而千万人悦。所敬者寡,而悦者众,此之谓要道也。, j4 `, Z& b' W0 O
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌,而外在表现,就是一个6 D: g |+ F6 M( J) C+ k
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: T' J _2 L7 [7 Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬. l2 d; w5 a! w& ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">”- q4 ~$ B8 W" H+ F, }0 X9 vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;; `3 ?: `+ Z& z! H& n, X6 m; ~; Y
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以,如能尊敬他的父亲,那么其儿子就会喜悦;如能尊敬他的兄长,那么其弟弟就会喜悦;如能尊敬他的国君,那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人,却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数,而喜悦的人却有千千万万,这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为& o7 u+ \3 H4 Imso-font-kerning:0pt">“: T0 S/ ^$ A" q; @- n3 r2 R9 n3 [font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。0 H3 j( a$ k- j" @
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+ C# A7 y& V( Z- m/ `5 B( L$ cTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯,这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从,陷亲不义,一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的$ d- M2 F1 N9 ?
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思* h" }- ?4 e$ V& T Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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